Black hairy tongue

Last reviewed by Dr.Mary on November 16th, 2018.

A black hairy tongue is a harmless, temporary oral condition which gives the tongue a furry, dark appearance. Bacterial overgrowth in the mouth gives the distinct appearance of this condition.


Even though this problem can look very alarming, it does not develop any problems with health. It is usually resolved with no medical treatment.

Symptoms of Black hairy tongue

Symptoms and signs of this condition include:

  • Yellow, brown or black tongue discoloration
  • A furry or hairy look on the tongue
  • Metallic or other altered taste in the mouth
  • Halitosis or bad breath
  • The sensation of gagging in some people

Although very unappealing, the black hairy tongue usually is only a temporary and harmless condition.

Causes

The black hairy tongue is generally caused due to protuberances on the tongue, also known as papillae which grow longer – elongate – and can not shed normally. This will give the tongue the “hairy” appearance. Bacteria, debris, as well as other organisms, normally collect on the papillae and results in the yellow, brown or black discoloration.

  • The main causes of the black hairy tongue are not always able to be determined but, potential causes can include:
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Changes in standard yeast or bacteria content in the mouth after the use of antibiotics
  • Breathing with mouth
  • Medications which contain bismuth, for example, Pepto-Bismol
  • Over-usage of mouthwashes that contain agents which oxidize like peroxide, or astringent such as menthol or witch hazel
  • Heavy usage of tobacco

If despite regularly brushing your tongue and teeth at least twice a day, this condition persists, you should see your primary care physician or dentist. Consider making a listing of questions to ask your dentist. Some questions to keep in mind for discussion include:

  • Give an example of what is most likely causing these symptoms?
  • And what is a good course of action?
  • Is there anything that should be restricted?
  • If I wait will the symptoms go away?
  • Do I need a follow-up?

Your dentist or doctor will question you about symptoms as well as dental care. They might ask:

  • Exactly when did the symptoms first start?
  • Do you find the condition bothering you?
  • Are the symptoms continuous or occasional?
  • How often do you brush teeth or dentures?
  • Do you use mouthwash and if so what kind?
  • How often do you floss?
  • How much tea or coffee do you drink?
  • Do you smoke or use other tobacco products?
  • Do you mouth breathe?
  • What drugs do you take?

How to get rid of Black hairy tongue?

This condition generally does not need any medical treatment as it lasts only for a few days or weeks. It is more of an unattractive but not detrimental problem.

Practice good oral hygiene as well as eliminate factors that could contribute to this problem – for instance, medications that have bismuth or tobacco use – as these can help resolve this condition. But you should speak to your physician or dentist before stopping any prescription medications.

There are few home remedies which you can follow to get rid of the black hairy tongue. Some of them include:

Brush after drinking or eating

Brush at least two times a day or especially after every meal if possible – using toothpaste with fluoride. If it is not possible to brush after eating, at least rinse with drinking water.

Floss at least once per day

Flossing eliminates food bits as well as any plaque from between the teeth.

Brush the tongue

This removes dead cells, food debris as well as bacteria.

Black Hairy Tongue Pictures

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